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Study: Why women, but not men, are judged for a messy house
When participants were told that a woman occupied the clean room, it was judged as less clean than when a man occupied it, and she was thought to be less likely to be viewed positively by visitors and less comfortable with visitors.
Both men and women were penalized for having a messy room. When respondents were told it was occupied by a man, they said that it was in more urgent need of cleaning and that the men were less responsible and hardworking than messy women. The mess seemed to play into a stereotype of men as lazy slobs, the researchers said.
But there was a key difference: Unlike for women, participants said messy men were not likely to be judged by visitors or feel uncomfortable having visitors over. "It may activate negative stereotypes about men if they're messy, but it's inconsequential because there's no expected social consequence to that," said Thebaud, who did the study with the sociologists Sabino Kornrich of Emory and Leah Ruppanner of the University of Melbourne. "It's that 'boys will be boys' thing."
Most of the time, respondents said a woman would be responsible for cleaning the room - especially if the occupants were in a heterosexual marriage and both were working full time.
"The ways it gets reinforced are so subtle," said Darcy Lockman, author of a new book about the unequal division of labor, "All the Rage," and a clinical psychologist. "I should relieve my husband of burdens' - it's so automatic."
Social scientists have been observing these pressures for decades. In 1989, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild wrote "The Second Shift," documenting how even in dual-career couples, women did significantly more housework and child care than men. In 1998, sociologist Barbara Risman described in the book "Gender Vertigo" how people feel pressure from members of both genders to perform certain roles.
Since then, men's and women's roles have changed in many parts of life - but not regarding housekeeping. In a study last year, Risman showed that Americans are now more likely to value gender equality at work than at home. Bigger forces shape these beliefs. Employers increasingly demand employees to be on call at work, for example, which can end up forcing one parent (usually the mother) to step back from work to be on call at home. This happens for same-sex couples, too, showing that it's not just about gender - it's also about the way paid work is set up.
Policies that encourage men to take on more responsibility at home - like use-it-or-lose-it paternity leave in Canada and Scandinavian countries - could increase their involvement, evidence suggests.
The stereotypes start with what boys are taught. Research has found that when mothers work for pay and fathers do household chores, their sons become adults who spend more time on housework.
Source: indianexpress
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