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Study of five lakh women hints at oestrogen, birth control pills offering some protection against COVID-19
According to findings from a study of over 5,00,000 women, led by King's College London, higher levels of oestrogen could offer some protection against the novel coronavirus infection. Researchers examined data from a UK-wide COVID-19 Symptom Tracker app, focusing on how prevalent COVID-19 was in post-menopausal women, premenopausal women who used oral contraceptive pills, and post-menopausal women who used hormone replacement therapy (HRT), in the five weeks between 7 May and 15 June 2020.
The female sex hormone oestrogen naturally declines in women after menopause. It is known to influence the immune system in many ways including the number of immune cells that are made, and how these cells respond to an infection. Based on their findings, researchers have proposed that oestrogen may protect against COVID-19.
In post-menopausal women, specifically in the 45-50 age group, there was a higher rate of predicted COVID-19 risk than other age groups of women in the study. Symptoms of COVID-19 that were commonly reported by women in this age group were anosmia (either total or partial loss of sense of smell), fever, persistent coughing, and the need for oxygen treatment in hospital, the study reported. However, these findings weren't statistically significant enough for a convincing correlation.
Post-menopausal women in the 50-65 years age group that used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had a higher predicted COVID-19 risk but without the need for hospitalization, the study noted. That said, the researchers pointed out that these results, too, should be taken with a grain of salt since there was not enough information compiled on the kind of hormone therapy used, how the treatment was administered, how long they were on the treatment for, and any comorbidities they might have had.
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